The Dermatologist's Sphere of Expertise

• Dermatitis (contact eczema and atopic eczema)
• Urticaria (hives)
• Pruritus (itching)
• Acne
• Seborrheic dermatitis and film states (dandruff)
• Rosacea, facial redness and erythrosis
• Psoriasis of the scalp, the nails and the genitals
• Lichen planus of the skin, mouth, scalp, genitals and nails
• Bullous diseases: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, cicatricial pemphigoid,herpes gestationis (pemphigoid gestationis), acquired bullous epidermolysis
• Other rarer diseases: granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, pityriasis rubra pilaris…

• Congenital epidermolysis bullosa
• Ichtyosis
• Neurofibromatosis
• Epiloia or Bourneville’s tuberous sclerosis

• Fixed drug eruptions, Erythema multiforme, Stevens Johnson, Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell’s Syndromes), Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS Syndrome)

• Diseases due to bacterias or their toxins
– Impetigo, lymphangitis, furuncle, abscess, carbuncle, staphylococcal, toxic shock syndrome
– Pityriasis rosea

• Mycoses due to fungi
– Superficial mycosis of the skin (ringworm, tinea cruris, tinea pedis), nails (nail fungal infections, tinea unguium) and over the scalp (tinea capitis), tinea versicolor
– Tropical mycoses (blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, coccidodiomycosis)

• Parasitic diseases and reactions to insect bites
– Ectoparasitosis (scale, lice, pediculosis of the pubis or pubic crab lice, chigger) and reactions to insect bites
• Viral diseases and skin reactions to viral infections
– Herpes labialis (cold sore) and genital herpes, measles, rubella, fifth disease, chicken pox, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), herpangina, Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, skin rashes due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and viral hepatitis…

• Scalp manifestations of skin diseases (eczema, psoriasis, lichen, reactions to medication…)
• Alopecia areata
• Andro-genetic alopecia (progressive hair loss or common baldness)
• Telogen and anagen effluvium (sudden hair loss)
• Anomalies of the scalp or the hair shaft accompanying or revealing systemic or genetic diseases

• Nail manifestations of skin diseases (eczema, psoriasis, lichen, reactions to medications…)
• Nail manifestations of bone diseases (metastases, bone outgrowths, various arthropathies…)
• Benign outgrowths (ganglion cyst, glomangioma, onychopapilloma, “beauty spot” or nevus) and malignant tumours of the nails (malignant melanoma, Bowen’s disease, epidermoid carcinoma…
• ingrowing nails
• Nail anomalies consecutive to traumas
• Nail anomalies accompanying or revealing general or genetic diseases

• Labial and oral herpes (cold sore)
• Oral localizations of various dermatoses (psoriasis, lichen, pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, drug reactions…)
• Pre-cancerous keratosis
• Warts

• Genital manifestations of skin diseases (eczema, psoriasis, lichen, reactions to medication…)
• Genital warts or condylomas
• Herpes genitalis
• Balanitis
• Vulvitis

• Urethritis (gonococcia and urethritis due to chlarnydiae and mycoplasma and other non gonoccocal forms of urethritis), syphilis, chancroid… Genital warts (condylomas)

• Benign skin outgrowths: seborrheic wart, fibrous histiocytoma, fibroma, papilloma, sebaceous adenoma, clear cell acanthoma, adnexal turnours (hidradenorna, trichoepithelioma, tricofolliculorna, fibrofolliculoma… ), Abrikossof’s tumour or granular cell tumour, xanthelasrna, “beauty spot” or melanocystic naevus, juvenile xanthogranulorna…
• Skin cancers: basal cell carcinorna, epidermoid carcinoma and adnexal carcinorna, malignant melanomas, skin lymphomas (T cell lymphoma), dermatofibrosarcoma…

• Surgical removal of benign skin outgrowths (papillomas, viral or seborrheic warts, benign “beauty spot”…)
• Surgical removal of small skin cancers (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinorna, malignant melanomas…)

• Peeling or skin exfoliation
– Superficial peels (glycolic acid, trichloroacetic acid, Unna’s paste, salicylic acid, dry ice…)
– Medium depth peels (trichloroacetic acid (TCA) alone or combined with salicylic acid and/or dry ice, Obagi Peel..
– Deep peels (phenol)
• Dermabrasion
• Injection of filling substances (fillers) like collagen or hyaluronic acid (Restylane®, Restylane Fine-line, Perlane®, Juvederm®)
• Laser and flash lamp treatments
– Red spots (birthmarks or port-wine stains and facial redness): pulsed dye laser and KTP laser
– Brown spots (lentigines and actinic spots) and removal of tattoos (Nd Yag Laser, Rubis Laser, Alexandrite Laser)
– Wrinkles: laser resurfacing with a C02 or Erbiurn-Yag laser, non-ablative lasers (pulsed dye laser and diode laser)
– Laser hair rernoval: Yag Lasers, Alexandrite lasers, intense pulsed light and Rubis Laser
– Acne (diode laser)
• Botulinum Toxin injections for the treatment of glabellar frown lines and excessive perspiration (Botox®Allergan, Vistabel®)
• Hair trasnplant surgery (mini-graft, micro-graft, follicular unit hair transplantation) developed by dermatologists

• PUVA treatment
• lontophoresis
• Photophoresis
• Dynarnic phototherapy (delta amino-levulinic acid).
• Intra-lesionnal injections of bleomycin and corticoids